A fistula is an irregular passage or connection between two organs or veins that do not normally connect. They can appear everywhere, including between the intestine and the epidermis, the vaginal canal and the rectum, and other areas. The anus is the most typical place for a fistula and is called anal fistula.
Types
Anal or Perianal Fistula
An abnormal connection between the anal canal's epithelialized surface and perianal skin.
- Anorectal Fistula: The anal canal and the skin around the anal entrance form an anorectal fistula.
- Anovaginal or Rectovaginal Fistula: It develops when a hole forms between the rectum or anus and the vagina.
- Colovaginal Fistula: It is a connection between the colon and the vaginal canal.
Urinary Tract Fistula
It is an abnormal opening within an organ of the urinary tract or unusual connection between an organ of the urinary system and another organ.
- Vesicovaginal Fistula: It is a hole between the vagina and urinary bladder
- Vesicouterine Fistula: It forms between the uterus and bladder
- Urethrovaginal Fistula: It develops between the vagina and urethra
Causes
Childbirth and unrelieved obstructed labour are the most common causes of fistulas in lesser developed countries. While complex deliveries are a less common cause of fistulas in developed nations, other factors can also result in this unpleasant illness. According to the fistula specialist doctor in Kolkata, fistulas are commonly caused by Crohn's disease and diverticular disease. Furthermore, patients getting radiation therapy are more susceptible to a variety of fistulas.
Symptoms
Depending on the fistula type, some of the tell-tale signs are
- Constant urine leakage
- Frequent UTIs
- Irritation in the genital organs
- Abdominal pain
- Diarrhoea
- Vomiting
- Nausea
- Leakage of gas and faeces into the urinary system
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